Discolored Teeth

Many different factors can cause discolored teeth.  The change in color may affect the entire tooth, or just appear as spots or lines in the tooth enamel.  Your genes influence your tooth color. Other factors that can affect tooth color include:

• Congenital diseases
• Environmental factors
• Infections

Inherited diseases may affect the thickness of enamel or the calcium or protein content of the enamel, which can cause color changes. Metabolic diseases may cause changes in tooth color and shape.
Drugs and medications either taken by the mother while pregnant or by the child during the time of tooth development can cause changes in both the color and hardness of the enamel. Common causes of discolored teeth are:

• Antibiotic tetracycline use before age 8
• Eating or drinking items that temporarily stain the teeth, such as tea or coffee
• Genetic defects that affect the tooth enamel, such as dentinogenesis and amelogenesis
• High fever at an age when teeth are forming
• Poor oral hygiene
• Porphyria
• Severe neonatal jaundice
• Too much fluoride from environmental sources (natural high water fluoride levels) or overuse of fluoride rinses, toothpaste, and fluoride supplements

If you have discolored teeth or are unhappy with your smile, contact Scottsdale dentist Dr. James B. Miller at (480) 451-5435.  Dr. Miller can evaluate the discoloration, determine the cause and offer treatment options.

CEREC Crowns - Dr. James Miller, Scottsdale, AZ

CEREC Crowns.  Most dental restorative methods require more than one visit to the dentist. This means that on the first visit, you get an injection of anesthesia, your tooth prepared, an impression taken, and a temporary restoration put on your tooth. You make a second appointment for a couple of weeks later, get another injection, have the temporary pried off, and have a permanent restoration put on. Why go to the dentist a second time when you don't have to? With CEREC, the procedure is done in a single appointment, start to finish. Call our office to learn more and to schedule an appointment. 

BEFORE CEREC

AFTER CEREC

ZOOM! Teeth Whitening Promotion for the Holidays!

Give the gift of a whiter smile this holiday season!  ZOOM! Whitening $250.00!!  

Gift Certificates are available. Contact our office and we can have your gift certificate ready for pick-up or mailed for you!  (480) 451-5435

Happy Holidays from the dental practice of Dr. James B. Miller!

*Promotion through December 31st, 2013*

Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)



 

Dry Mouth, or Xerostomia, is a condition in which your body produces less saliva and can be caused by a variety of reasons:   side effect of certain medications, diseases or infections, certain medical treatments (such as radiation) and dehydration.  Dry mouth can increase a person's risk of developing gingivitis, gum disease, tooth decay and mouth infections such as thrush.  If you are experiencing dry mouth, be sure to talk with Dr. James B. Miller at your next dental visit or schedule an appointment to discuss your possible treatment options. 

 

James B. Miller, D.M.D.

9821 N. 95th Street, Suite 110

Scottsdale, AZ  85258

Office: (480) 451-5435 

Website: www.DrJamesMiller.com

Invisalign Teeth Straightening

Are you embarrassed to smile because of your crooked teeth? Have you avoided braces because of the unsightly metal brackets and wires? Great news, Invisalign can straighten your teeth without the unsightly metal. 

A series of clear "aligners" are carefully made using state-of-the-art CAD/CAM software that allows us to control how to straighten your teeth. Then clear aligners are made to those exact specifications. The result, straight teeth and no metal!

"I didn't like smiling because of my crooked teeth. I love the way my teeth look after Invisalign and I can't stop smiling!" --Stephany B., Phoenix, AZ

For more information on Invisalign teeth straightening, or to schedule a consultation, please contact the office of Dr. James B. Miller at (480) 451-5435.

    #clearbraces #orthodontics #straightteeth #invisiblebraces

Dr. James Miller is Offering a Special $250.00 Zoom! Whitening Promo for the Holidays! (thru 12/31/13)

November is National Diabetes Month

DIABETES AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE

Diabetic patients are more likely to develop periodontal disease, which in turn can increase blood sugar and diabetic complications.

People with diabetes are more likely to have periodontal disease than people without diabetes, probably because people with diabetes are more susceptible to contracting infections. In fact, periodontal disease is often considered a complication of diabetes. Those people who don't have their diabetes under control are especially at risk.

Research has suggested that the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease goes both ways - periodontal disease may make it more difficult for people who have diabetes to control their blood sugar.

Severe periodontal disease can increase blood sugar, contributing to increased periods of time when the body functions with a high blood sugar. This puts people with diabetes at increased risk for diabetic complications. perio.org

If you have diabetes, be sure to schedule regular appointments with your dentist and well as your physician.  If you'd like more information or would like to schedule an appointment in our office, please call Dr. James B. Miller at (480) 451-5435.  We look forward to meeting you.

Improving Gum Health May Reduce Heart Risk

Researchers at Columbia University in New York suggest that if you look after your gums, you could also be reducing your risk of heart disease. They claim that improving dental care slows the speed with which plaque builds up in the arteries.

Writing in a recent online issue of the Journal of the American Heart Association, they report a prospective study that shows how improving gum health is linked to a clinically significant slower progression of atherosclerosis, the process where plaque builds up in arteries and increases a person's risk of heart disease and stroke death.

Lead author Moïse Desvarieux, associate professor of Epidemiology at Columbia's Mailman School of Health, says:

"These results are important because atherosclerosis progressed in parallel with both clinical periodontal disease and the bacterial profiles in the gums. This is the most direct evidence yet that modifying the periodontal bacterial profile could play a role in preventing or slowing both diseases."

For their study, the researchers followed 420 adults aged between 60 and 76 from northern Manhattan who were taking part in the Oral Infections and Vascular Disease Epidemiology Study (INVEST).

Measuring Artery Thickness

All participants underwent oral infection and artery thickness exams at the start of the study and at the end of follow-up, which was a median of 3 years.

The oral infection exams retrieved a total of over 5,000 plaque samples. For each participant, the samples came from several teeth and under the gums.

The oral plaque samples were analyzed for the presence of 11 strains of bacteria known to be involved in periodontal disease and seven control bacteria.

Samples of fluid from around the gums were also taken and assessed for levels of Interleukin-1β, a marker of inflammation.

The extent of atherosclerosis, was assessed using high-resolution ultrasound scans to measure artery thickness or intima-medial thickness (IMT) in both carotid arteries.

The results showed that both improved gum health and a reduction in the proportion of bacteria linked to periodontal disease correlated to a slower progression of atherosclerosis, as measured by IMT.

These results did not change significantly when adjusted for factors that could influence them, such as body mass index, cholesterol levels, diabetes and smoking.

Previous studies have linked an increase in carotid IMT of 0.033 mm per year (about 0.1 mm over 3 years), to a more than double increase in risk of heart attack and stroke.

In this study, the participants whose gum health got worse over the 3 years showed a 0.1 mm increase in carotid IMT, compared with the participants whose gum health improved.

Co-author Panos N. Papapanou, professor at Columbia's College of Dental Medicine, says:

"Our results show a clear relationship between what is happening in the mouth and thickening of the carotid artery, even before the onset of full-fledged periodontal disease. This suggests that incipient periodontal disease should not be ignored."

Atherosclerosis and Periodontal Infections

Although the researchers did not look into how bacteria in the mouth can lead to atherosclerosis, one theory suggested by animal studies is they increase inflammatory markers, which can trigger or worsen the inflammation in atherosclerosis.

In a previous study that took measures at one point in time, the team had already found that higher levels of disease-causing bacteria were linked to thicker carotid IMT. This new study builds on those results by looking at the participants over time.

Prof. Desvarieux adds:

"It is critical that we continue to follow these patients to see if the relationship between periodontal infections and atherosclerosis carries over to clinical events like heart attack and stroke and test if modifying the periodontal flora will slow the progression of atherosclerosis."

Funds from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), among others, helped finance the study.

In 2010, UK researchers reported that gum bacteria can increase risk of heart attack and heart disease, because the same bacteria that cause dental plaque can escape from the mouth into the bloodstream and trigger clots.

medicalnewstoday.com

The Psychological Issues of Poor Dental Care

Having bad teeth can bring with it a lot of psychological issues, such as insecurities and lack of self esteem. Can repairing your teeth improve your mental health as well? The answer seems to be a resounding “yes.”

Your Mouth and Your Body

For years, medical professionals have warned that poor dental health can affect your overall physical health. They have established links between poorly-maintained teeth and heart problems, as bacteria from your mouth can slip into your bloodstream. They have also uncovered links between gum disease and pregnancy complications, like premature birth. Immune system disorders are another common concern for people with oral health problems.

Researchers have even started to explore how poor dental health can affect the brain. The Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York discovered that there may be a link between bad teeth and cognition ailments. In their study, elderly people who suffered from gum disease performed worse on memory tests than those without gum trouble. That same group also struggled more than the rest with subtraction tests.

Your Mouth and Your Mind

Beyond physical problems, having bad teeth can cause psychological issues. After all, your mouth is usually a point of focus when socializing, whether you are talking, flashing a smile, or twisting a scowl. Given the mouth’s importance, it makes sense why feeling self-conscious about your teeth can be especially damaging. Here are some ways bad teeth can trigger psychological issues.

• 
  
• Anxiety, Especially when Socializing:

If you’re self conscious about one of your most important communication tools, it can ravage your ability to socialize comfortably. People who think they have bad teeth may want to avoid doing anything to expose them, which can start an unhealthy cycle of self-monitoring and criticism. It impedes a person’s ability to speak clearly, and it eliminates one of the most effective nonverbal ways to strike up rapport: cracking a genuine smile.

• 
  
• Low Self-Esteem:

Confidence stems from feeling good about yourself. If you are always worried about your teeth, it is difficult to feel confident, and that can seriously strip away at your self esteem. Having bad teeth can also trigger self esteem issues that extend beyond how others think; in some cases, people begin to feel guilty about the state of their teeth, engaging in a lot of self criticism about their ineffective oral hygiene habits, which can exacerbate issues about self image.

• 
  
• Depression:

Anxiety, poor social experiences, low self esteem, and guilt are a recipe for depression. Not only can they all contribute to isolation, which comes with its own share of problems, but they establish a psychological state that is both self-loathing and reluctant to engage with the world. While not everyone will experience all those symptoms, those who do could sink into deep depression unless they get help.

Studies from different countries in Europe suggest that poor dental care and psychological issues can develop into a vicious cycle. Those with high self esteem tend to take better care of their teeth, and the resulting bright smiles contribute right back to the high self esteem they hold. On the other hand, people with low self esteem tend to brush less often, and then the poor state of their teeth can make them feel even worse.

That means it is important to get serious about dental care. Not only does commitment to oral hygiene contribute to better physical health, it seems to significantly influence mental health, too.

publichealthbugle.com

Tooth Anatomy

What Are the Different Parts of a Tooth?

Crown— The top part of the tooth, and the only part you can normally see. The shape of the crown determines the tooth's function. For example, front teeth are sharp and chisel-shaped for cutting, while molars have flat surfaces for grinding.

Gumline— Where the tooth and the gums meet. Without proper brushing and flossing, plaque and tartar can build up at the gumline, leading to gingivitis and gum disease.

Root— The part of the tooth that is embedded in bone. The root makes up about two-thirds of the tooth and holds the tooth in place.

Enamel— The outermost layer of the tooth. Enamel is the hardest, most mineralized tissue in the body — yet it can be damaged by decay if teeth are not cared for properly.

Dentin— The layer of the tooth under the enamel. If decay is able to progress its way through the enamel, it next attacks the dentin — where millions of tiny tubes lead directly to the dental pulp.

Pulp— The soft tissue found in the center of all teeth, where the nerve tissue and blood vessels are. If tooth decay reaches the pulp, you usually feel pain.

What Are the Different Types of Teeth?

Every tooth has a specific job or function (use the dental arch in this section to locate and identify each type of tooth):

Incisors— The sharp, chisel-shaped front teeth (four upper, four lower) used for cutting food.

Canines— Sometimes called cuspids, these teeth are shaped like points (cusps) and are used for tearing food.

Premolars— These teeth have two pointed cusps on their biting surface and are sometimes referred to as bicuspids. The premolars are for crushing and tearing.

Molars— Used for grinding, these teeth have several cusps on the biting surface.

Bacteria in Mouth May Cause Colon Cancer

A kind of bacteria commonly found in the mouth, which is often the culprit in gum disease, also spurs the formation of tumors in colon cancer.

Scientists had previously found that the level of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the gut was higher among people with colon cancer. That was noteworthy because fusobacteria aren’t one of the usual strains found in the healthy gut.
However up to now it hasn’t been clear whether the foreign bacteria caused tissue to turn cancerous or whether the bacteria was a result of the cancer. Now, researchers report that the bacteria in fact stimulates tumors, and they identify the molecule responsible for the bug’s harmful effects.

A Common Cancer
Colon cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and more than 1 million new cases are diagnosed worldwide each year. By figuring out how fusobacteria spur cancerous tumors, scientists can work toward therapies that may inhibit the bacterium’s activity and possibly eradicate it altogether from colon tissue.  Previous studies have focused on a subset of colon cancer that is caused by inflammatory bowel disease, or conditions linked to inflammation of the colon and small intestines. The teams publishing studies today focused instead on a bacterium that drives cancerous tumors but isn’t related to apparent intestinal inflammation.

Colon Cancer and Bacteria
In the first research paper, a team from Harvard and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute report that fusobacteria are prevalent in colon adenomas, essentially early-stage benign tumors that over time can turn malignant. Working with mice that were known to develop intestinal tumors, the team was able to accelerate early tumor formation by feeding them fusobacteria.  Researchers also fed them three other bacteria strains, such as Streptococcus, that are known to be associated with colon cancer. Tumors formed at a higher rate in mice fed with fusobacteria versus those who got Streptococcus.  Unlike the other bacteria, fusobacteria were stealthy and worked at the micro-inflammation level—the Harvard team saw no large-scale intestinal inflammation.

Molecular Culprit
A second research team from Case Western Reserve University found the specific molecule that allows such stealthy invasion: a molecule called FadA. Gene expression levels of FadA were 10 to 100 times higher in colon tissues from patients with adenomas and cancerous tumors when compared with healthy participants.  Researchers also determined how FadA worked its dangerous magic: by blocking the expression of a gene that inhibits tumor growth. Both studies are published today in Cell Host & Microbe.  “We showed that FadA is a marker that can be used for the early diagnosis of colon cancer and identified potential therapeutic targets to treat or prevent this common and debilitating disease,” says Yiping Han of Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine.

discovermagazine.com

Arthritis Sufferers May Find Some Relief in Periodontal Therapy

It may seem strange how some diseases are linked, but as more and more research is done, we find those links do exist. Take rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease. 
Symptoms include pain, swollen joints and stiffness. Several studies examining the relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease have been made in the past ten years. Perhaps the strongest statement made by any of the studies was from Australia and reported in the Journal of Periodontology, "The results of this study provide further evidence of a significant association between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis." The researchers measured for periodontitis using probing depths, attachment loss, bleeding scores, plaque scores, and radiographic bone loss scores. Their measurements for rheumatoid arthritis included tender joint analysis, swollen joint analysis, and pain index, physician's global assessment on a visual analogue scale, health assessment questionnaire, levels of C - reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

In both diseases, the inflammation destroys the soft and hard tissue. The inflammation is caused by the toxins from bacterial infection. Even historically, some treatments for arthritis were to pull teeth or give antibiotics to the patient to relieve their arthritic pain. Once the inflammation from their teeth was controlled, the patients got better. More recently, two studies in 2012 found that the fewer the teeth and individual had, the more severe the arthritis. Out of a normal 32 teeth, those with fewer than 20 teeth were eight times more likely to have swollen joints.

As with periodontal disease and other systemic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Chronic infection shows up in the blood by increased levels of CRP. One inflammatory disease that produces high levels of CRP exacerbates the other. And this is also true with arthritis. And those with rheumatoid arthritis tend to have more periodontal disease. Treating the periodontal disease often gives relief to the arthritis. And treating the arthritis with antibiotics often improves the gum disease. More studies are being conducted to ascertain more quantitative data on the association between the two diseases. The once thought of as myth, is slowly being proven as fact, that periodontal disease impacts total health.

The issue is more complex than just stating that arthritis causes periodontal disease or that periodontal disease causes arthritis. However, it is evident that there is a link. And more importantly, providing the best oral care possible and getting periodontal therapy if you have the disease, will also positively impact your arthritis and potentially reduce your pain.

Dr. Piero, a Holland, MI dentist for over thirty years, is the inventor of Dental Air Force® (http://www.dentalairforce.com). Articles published are on periodontal health related to heart disease, respiratory health, diabetes, strokes, and other systemic diseases. He is the Executive Editor for Journal of Experimental Dental Science, a contributing author to Hospital Infection Control: Clinical Guidelines and soon-to-be published book, Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is.

1888pressrelease.com

Implant Supported Dentures

An implant-supported denture is a type of "overdenture" that is supported by and attached to implants. A regular denture rests on the gums, and is not supported by implants.

An implant-supported denture is used when a person doesn't have any teeth in the jaw, but has enough bone in the jaw to support implants. An implant-supported denture has special attachments that snap onto attachments on the implants.

Implant-supported dentures usually are made for the lower jaw because regular dentures tend to be less stable there. Usually, a regular denture made to fit an upper jaw is quite stable on its own and doesn't need the extra support offered by implants. However, you can receive an implant-supported denture in either the upper or lower jaw.

You should remove an implant-supported denture daily to clean the denture and gum area. Just as with regular dentures, you should not sleep with the implant-supported dentures at night. Some people prefer to have fixed (permanent) crown and bridgework in their mouths that can't be removed. Your dentist will consider your particular needs and preferences when suggesting fixed or removable options.

How Does It Work?

There are two types of implant-supported dentures: bar-retained and ball-retained. In both cases, the denture will be made of an acrylic base that will look like gums.  Porcelain or acrylic teeth that look like natural teeth are attached to the base. Both types of dentures need at least two implants for support.

• Bar-retained dentures — A thin metal bar that follows the curve of your jaw is attached to two to five implants that have been placed in your jawbone. Clips or other types of attachments are fitted to the bar, the denture or both. The denture fits over the bar and is securely clipped into place by the attachments. 

• Ball-retained dentures (stud-attachment dentures) — Each implant in the jawbone holds a metal attachment that fits into another attachment on the denture. In most cases, the attachments on the implants are ball-shaped ("male" attachments), and they fit into sockets ("female" attachments) on the denture. In some cases, the denture holds the male attachments and the implants hold the female ones.

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Chewing Gum Improves Concentration

Chewing a piece of sugarless gum after lunch can not only help you protect your dental health, but also help focus to avoid that afternoon slump in productivity, according to researchers at Cardiff University in Wales.

 

The study, published in the British Journal of Psychology, evaluated the concentration of 38 participants who were given a short-term audio memory test.  Half the participants were instructed to chew gum during the 30-minute test. All of them listened to a list of numbers from 1-9 being read in random order and were scored on how accurately and quickly they were able to detect a sequence of odd-even-odd numbers. Participants also completed questionnaires on their mood before and after the test.  Researchers found that participants who chewed gum had quicker reaction times and more accurate results, especially during the later part of the test.  “It’s been well established by previous research that chewing gum can benefit some areas of cognition,” said Kate Morgan, the study’s lead author.” In our study we focused on an audio task that involved short-term memory recall to see if chewing gum would improve concentration; especially in the latter stages of the task.Interestingly, participants who didn’t chew gum performed slightly better at the beginning of the task but were overtaken by the end. This suggests that chewing gum helps us focus on tasks that require continuous monitoring over a longer amount of time.”

 

According to MouthHealthy.org, the ADA’s consumer website,clinical studies have shown that chewing sugarless gum for 20 minutes following meals can help prevent tooth decay.

Chewing sugarless gum increases the flow of saliva, which washes away food and other debris, neutralizes acids produced by bacteria in the mouth and provides disease-fighting substances throughout the mouth. Increased saliva flow also carries with it more calcium and phosphate to help strengthen tooth enamel.

 

Only sugarless gums have the ADA Seal, and are sweetened by non-cavity causing sweeteners such as aspartame, xylitol, sorbitol or mannitol. Of course, chewing sugar-containing gum increases saliva flow too, but it also contains sugar, which is used by plaque bacteria to produce decay-causing acids. Further research needs to be done to determine the effects of chewing sugar-containing gum on tooth decay.

 

Don’t let chewing sugarless gum replace brushing and flossing. It’s not a substitute. The ADA still recommends brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste and cleaning plaque from between your teeth once a day with dental floss or other interdental cleaners.

Look for chewing gum that carries the ADA Seal. The ADA Seal is your assurance that the sugar-free chewing gum has met the ADA criteria for safety and effectiveness. You can trust that claims made on packaging and labeling for ADA-accepted products are true, because companies must verify all of the information to the ADA.

 

*Visit MouthHealthy.org to see and compare a list of sugar-free chewing gums that have the ADA Seal.*

Tooth Decay: The Primary Cause of a Toothache

Tooth decay is the primary cause of toothaches for most children and adults. Bacteria that live in your mouth thrive on the sugars and starches in the food you eat. These bacteria form a sticky plaque that clings to the surface of your teeth.

Acids produced by the bacteria in plaque can eat through the hard, white coating on the outside of your teeth (enamel), creating a cavity. The first sign of decay may be a sensation of pain when you eat something sweet, very cold or very hot. A toothache often indicates that your dentist will need to work on your teeth.

Self-care tips
Until you can see your dentist, try these self-care tips for a toothache:

• Rinse your mouth with warm water.
• Use dental floss to remove any food particles wedged between your teeth.
• Take an over-the-counter (OTC) pain reliever to dull the ache.
• Apply an OTC antiseptic containing benzocaine directly to the irritated tooth and gum to temporarily relieve pain. Benzocaine has been linked to a rare but serious, sometimes deadly, condition (methemoglobinemia) that decreases the amount of oxygen that the blood can carry. Don't use benzocaine in children younger than age 2 without supervision from a health care professional, because this age group has been the most affected. Never use more than the recommended dose of benzocaine. Direct application of oil of cloves (eugenol) also may help. Don't place aspirin or another painkiller directly against your gums, as it may burn your gum tissue.

Call your dentist

• When you have signs of infection, such as swelling, pain when you bite, red gums or a foul-tasting discharge
• If the pain persists for more than a day or two
• When you have fever with the toothache

mayoclinic.com

Humans May Evolve To Grow An Endless Supply Of Teeth

 

In the future, you--like the pufferfish--could have so many teeth that you'll wear necklaces made out of your spares. It'll be weird.

Friendly Pufferfish Wikimedia Commons

The pufferfish is a very curious animal for lots of reasons; it swallows air or water to make itself larger and more threatening, it combines its combining pectoral, dorsal, anal, and caudal fins into one set of fins (like a seahorse), and it is often super poisonous. But Dr. Gareth Fraser of Sheffield University is focused on the puffer for a different reason: its teeth.

The puffer, like lots of bony fish (meaning, not cartilaginous), constantly regrows its teeth. The puffer doesn't have delineated teeth like most other fish, though; instead, after its first set of teeth have fallen out (like human baby teeth), it grows a solid structure that looks like a beak. This beak is made of horizontally growing layers of dentite, the usual tooth material for fish, but appears as a single band.

Fraser managed to map the specific cells responsible for the constant regrowing of teeth in the puffer. That's of great interest to us, because humans, unlike lots of other animals, only grow two sets of teeth. Your baby teeth fall out, then you grow your adult teeth, and then...that's it. That's all you get. And that's less than ideal, as most any professional hockey player can tell you (through gaps in their teeth).

Interestingly, Dr. Fraser thinks humans may evolve, in millions of years, the ability to regrow teeth past that second set. "With our extended lives and modern diets, the limited supply of human teeth is really no longer fit for purpose," he said. By figuring out exactly how fish regrow teeth, he may be able to accelerate that process of evolution.

So play hockey without fear! A fix for your broken grill may be in the works.

By: Dan Nosowitz
July 12, 2013

Dr. James B. Miller - Offering LANAP (Laser Assisted New Attachment Procedure) for the Treatment of Periodontal Disease.

If you're like 100 million other Americans, you could be one of 50% of Americans who have periodontal disease, the major cause of tooth loss in adults. Periodontal disease starts off as plaque, an opaque film which eventually hardens, forming tartar or calculus.

Calculus deposits harbor bacteria which infect the gums. In early stages, this is called Gingivitis, characterized by red, swollen gums that bleed when you brush your teeth. Many people experience bad breath and an unpleasant taste in their mouths as well. Unchecked, Gingivitis progresses to Periodontitis, a much more serious form of the disease where periodontal pockets are formed, separating teeth from the gums and supporting bone structure. Without treatment, infection becomes severe and the pockets deepen, resulting in tooth loss.

The way to repair the damage is to get rid of the infection and close up the pockets. Until now, that meant surgery and sutures. But today, many dentists offer the LANAP® Protocol, a patient-friendly, minimally-invasive procedure that's a great improvement over standard gum surgery. 

WHY IS THE LANAP® PROCEDURE better for the treatment of gum disease?

• The LANAP® Procedure is about as easy as erasing a blackboard — there's no cutting and no suturing.
  
• There's much less discomfort with the LANAP® Protocol than with standard surgery -- during and after the procedure.
  
• It takes less time than traditional surgery. All it takes is two 2-hour visits to the dentist and two follow up visits. Traditional surgery requires four sessions of about one hour each, with subsequent visits for suture removal and additional check-ups.
• LANAP® gives better, longer-lasting results. In fact, 98% of LANAP® treated patients remain stable after five years.
• Your dentist will probably recommend a soft diet for a day or two, and common sense should prevail, but in most cases, patients feel good enough to eat anything they want right after the procedure.
• Following traditional surgery, recovery can take between to 2-4 weeks during which patients can experience considerable pain and swelling, where they may be restricted to liquid or soft diets.
• There's less than 24 hour recovery period, so you won't lose time from work.
  
• The LANAP® Procedure is safe for patients with health concerns such as diabetes, HIV, hemophilia, or those taking medications such as Plavix or aspirin.  lanap.com

For more information or to schedule a consultation to find out if you are a candidate for LANAP, contact our office at (480) 451-5435.

Now Offering the Newest Teeth Whitening System with ZERO Sensitivity - GLO!

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Call our office to schedule your consultation.

(480) 451-5435

TYPES OF GUM DISEASE

Untreated periodontal disease can eventually lead to tooth loss and other health problems.

GINGIVITIS

Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease. It causes the gums to become red, swollen, and bleed easily. There is usually little or no discomfort at this stage. Gingivitis is often caused by inadequate oral hygiene. Gingivitis is reversible with professional treatment and good oral home care.

Factors that may contribute to gingivitis include, diabetes, smoking, aging, genetic predisposition, systemic diseases and conditions, stress, inadequate nutrition, puberty, hormonal fluctuations, pregnancy, substance abuse, HIV infection, and certain medication use.

PERIODONTITIS

Untreated gingivitis can advance to periodontitis. With time, plaque can spread and grow below the gum line. Toxins produced by the bacteria in plaque irritate the gums. The toxins stimulate a chronic inflammatory response in which the body in essence turns on itself, and the tissues and bone that support the teeth are broken down and destroyed. Gums separate from the teeth, forming pockets (spaces between the teeth and gums) that become infected. As the disease progresses, the pockets deepen and more gum tissue and bone are destroyed. Often, this destructive process has very mild symptoms. Eventually, teeth can become loose and may have to be removed.

There are many forms of periodontitis. The most common ones include the following.

• Aggressive periodontitis occurs in patients who are otherwise clinically healthy. Common features include rapid attachment loss and bone destruction and familial aggregation.
• Chronic periodontitis results in inflammation within the supporting tissues of the teeth, progressive attachment and bone loss. This is the most frequently occurring form of periodontitis and is characterized by pocket formation and/or recession of the gingiva. It is prevalent in adults, but can occur at any age. Progression of attachment loss usually occurs slowly, but periods of rapid progression can occur.
• Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases often begins at a young age. Systemic conditions such as heart disease, respiratory disease, and diabetes are associated with this form of periodontitis.
• Necrotizing periodontal disease is an infection characterized by necrosis of gingival tissues, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. These lesions are most commonly observed in individuals with systemic conditions such as HIV infection, malnutrition and immunosuppression.

perio.org

Should you suck on a pacifier before giving it to your baby?

A new study in Pediatrics, journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, reports that parents sucking their infant’s pacifier may reduce the risk of allergy development.

The ADA wants parents to be aware that licking a pacifier can transfer the cavity-causing bacteria from parents to children—increasing the possibility of tooth decay as they grow.

"A child's teeth are susceptible to decay as soon as they begin to erupt," said Dr. Jonathan Shenkin, a pediatric dentist in Maine and a pediatric dental spokesperson for the ADA. "Cavity-causing bacteria, especially Streptococcus mutans, can be transferred from adult saliva to children, increasing their risk of getting cavities."

Sharing eating utensils with a baby, or the parent sucking on a pacifier to clean it, can also increase the likelihood of transmitting decay-causing bacteria.

The ADA recommends that parents protect the dental health of young children by promoting a healthy diet, monitoring their intake of food and drink, brushing their teeth or wiping gums after mealtimes, and by having infants finish their bedtime or naptime bottle before going to bed. The ADA recommends that children receive their first dental visit within six months of eruption of the first tooth and no later than 12 months of age.

May 2013 - ADA.org

Office of Dr. James B. Miller - 
Offering Oral DNA Testing (Salivary DNA Testing) 

Our office is pleased to announce the availability of 3 laboratory tests relating to oral health. We think that some of our patients may benefit from these tests, but they are usually not covered by your insurance. Therefore, we will only perform them at your request. So, it’s important for you to understand the tests and their related conditions.

One of the conditions is gum disease, which can result in loss of your teeth. Bacteria and inflammation cause gum disease. More than 50% of Americans have gum disease. The other condition is oral cancer. Oral cancer can be caused by infection with a virus called HPV and by tobacco and alcohol use. HPV-related oral cancer occurs most often in people who don’t smoke or drink very much. A different kind of oral cancer occurs in smokers who drink a lot. About 36,000 Americans get oral cancer every year.

The MyPerioID^Ò PST^Ò test can tell if you have specific changes in your DNA. These changes might mean that you have a greater risk of getting gum disease.

The MyPerioPath^Ò test is for patients who actually have gum disease. It finds out which bacteria are triggering the gum disease. Once we know which bacteria are in your mouth and at what amount, we can come up with a treatment plan that’s right for you. For example, this information can help us select the right antibiotic for you. We highly recommend this test if you have gum disease that has not responded to previous treatment.

The OraRisk^Ò HPV test can tell if you have an HPV infection in your mouth. If you do, you might have a greater risk of getting HPV-related oral cancer. Like most cancers, it’s important to detect oral cancer early. If we know you have an HPV infection, we can watch you very closely for signs of oral cancer. We suggest you consider having this test if you are a non-smoker and don’t drink a lot.

All 3 of these tests are performed using a saliva sample, which is collected in our office. The sample is easy and fast to collect. Simply swish a sterile saline (salt) solution in your mouth and spit it into a container. The sample is then sent out for testing.

When the results come back, Dr. Miller will tell you what your results are and what they mean to your oral health.

If you are interested in Oral DNA testing, please contact our office at (480) 451-5435 for more information or to schedule an appointment.